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In addition, bile affects the absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.
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Bile is produced in the liver. Further, it must reach the gallbladder through the bile ducts, and from it enter the duodenum 12. The movement of the secret is provided by the pressure difference in the biliary tract, which occurs due to the work of the circular muscles - sphincters. So, the sphincter that passes bile into the gallbladder is closed - it drains from the liver. Then it opens, and the secret flows into the bubble, which was almost empty, and in which the pressure was less than in the duct. When fatty foods enter the duodenum, the gallbladder, which is an organ equipped with muscles, contracts.
In this case, the sphincter in the neck of the bladder opens, and the one with which the entrance to the duodenum begins is closed, and it opens when the first one closes. The biliary tract contractions are regulated by the sympathetic nervous system and some substances produced in the stomach and pancreas. Having considered the anatomy, it is possible to explain in more detail the essence of the pathology. So, dyskinesia is a condition. Depending on the violations of motor function and tone, dyskinesia can be. Usually, increased tone is combined with increased motor skills, forming a hypertonic-hyperkinetic (or spastic) type of dyskinesia. The same happens in the reverse situation. with weak motility, the tone of the biliary tract is weakened - hypotonic-hypokinetic (atonic) type. There is also a mixed type.
Eating habits. long periods of fasting, rejection of vegetable fats, or, conversely, eating a large amount of fatty, smoked and spicy foods. Constant stress or traumatic situations. Transferred pancreatitis or other inflammatory pathology of the gastrointestinal tract or female organs. Chronic cholecystitis. Neurocirculatory dystonia, when the control of the normal sequence of contractions of the biliary tract is disrupted. Constantly existing foci of infection in the body (caries, chronic tonsillitis). Diseases of the endocrine organs. obesity, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis. Food allergies. Transferred viral hepatitis. Worm diseases. Giardiasis, in which flagellar protozoa colonize the gallbladder. The period of menopause, when the regulation of contractility of the biliary tract is disturbed. Dysbacteriosis. Transferred intestinal infections. Symptoms of biliary dyskinesia differ depending on the type of pathology. whether it is hyperkinetic or hypokinetic.
Spasmodic dyskinesia is characterized by an increase in the tone of the parasympathetic department. The atonic type of the disease develops with the predominance of the influence of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Such reasons lead to a violation of the tone or movement of the bile ducts. The main difference between the main types of the disease is pain with dyskinesia. Nausea, vomiting, large amounts of urine, constipation/diarrhea. Both types of dyskinesia can cause other symptoms. An extreme manifestation of the hyperkinetic variant is biliary colic. It is manifested by sudden severe pain on the right under the rib, which is accompanied by a rapid heartbeat, a panic attack, numbness of the extremities.
The maximum manifestation of hypokinetic dyskinesia is cholestasis - stagnation of bile in the biliary tract. This is indicated by the following symptoms. Symptoms alone are not enough to establish a diagnosis, because similar signs can develop with more serious liver diseases. Secondly, it is necessary to establish the cause (for example, malformations of the biliary tract) that caused the disease in order to subsequently eliminate it.
Biliary dyskinesia is a condition in which the structure of these organs is not disturbed. That is, the diagnosis is made on the fact of a violation of contractility or tone on the way from the liver to the duodenum. How to see it? With the help of contrast radiography methods - cholecystography (extrahepatic bile ducts are examined) and cholangiography (intrahepatic bile ducts are examined). In the first case, a person needs to take a radiopaque substance through the mouth, after which it will be seen in x-rays how the contrast reaches the gallbladder, how it leaves it, in whichconsistency, contraction and relaxation of the sphincters occur. The second method involves an injection. the radiopaque substance is injected directly into the bile ducts, and then the radiologist monitors its progress along the bile ducts.
Treatment of biliary dyskinesia consists of.
When performing ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), when a probe with an optical fiber is inserted into the duodenum, and through it a contrast agent is injected directly into the biliary tract, the retrograde (that is, the opposite of normal current) progress is examined using x-rays. By radiological examination - cholescintigraphy, in which a radioisotope preparation is introduced into the body, and in the light of special radiation, visualization occurs as it passes into the liver, is released into the bile ducts, goes to the gallbladder, and then reaches the duodenum.
Magnetic resonance cholangiography. In difficult cases, magnetic resonance cholangiography is shown - a non-invasive research method, when a contrast agent is injected into the body, and its path is observed in a magnetic resonance tomograph. To carry out such a diagnosis, a person will need to be in the chamber of the device for about 40-50 minutes, keeping still.
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